Roohollah Yousefi; mohamad younesi
Abstract
Studying the indexes of rice mechanization in each area is important and necessary for the correct selection and optimal use of rice machines and timely agricultural operations. A study has been conducted in Guilan province to determine the current status of rice mechanization and provide mechanization ...
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Studying the indexes of rice mechanization in each area is important and necessary for the correct selection and optimal use of rice machines and timely agricultural operations. A study has been conducted in Guilan province to determine the current status of rice mechanization and provide mechanization solutions in the production stages of this product. Information and data have been collected by completing the questionnaire and by referring to the available statistical sources and field surveys. From the obtained information, the indexes determining the state of mechanization of rice farming have been calculated. The results of this study have been showed that the degree of mechanization of tillage, planting with transplanter, spraying, weeding and harvesting (reaper and combine) is 100%, 72.55%, 23.57%, 4.62% and 84.83% respectively. The highest level of mechanization related to Rudbar city with 9.12 hp/ha and the lowest for Shaft city with 1.75 hp/ha. The lowest economic efficiency has been calculated for Rudbar city with a value of 0.22 and the highest for Shaft city with 1.51 ton/hp. The average of rice mechanization capacity in Guilan province is 404.5 hp.hr/ha. On average in the province there is a tractor for every 27 hectares, a tiller for every 4 hectares, a transplanter for every 30 hectares and a rice harvester for every 60 hectares. Because of the low number of self-propelled machines in the province have compared with the number of operators, the decision-making power of operators in carrying out operations at the right time is low.
A. Hedayatipour; M. Younesi alamouti
Abstract
Application of minimum and no- tillage operation not only increase soil organic mater and soil fertility, but also decreases the production cost and energy consumption in wheat production. In order to evaluate the effect of tillage methods on amount of input and output energy as well energy indices and ...
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Application of minimum and no- tillage operation not only increase soil organic mater and soil fertility, but also decreases the production cost and energy consumption in wheat production. In order to evaluate the effect of tillage methods on amount of input and output energy as well energy indices and grain yield in wheat-corn rotation, a randomize complete block designe experiment (RCBD) with three replications comprising of four tratments was conducted during 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 at Research Farm of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center of Markazi Province. Treatments were: Moldboard plow and disk as prevailing tillage method, Minimum tillage by chisel plow, Minimum tillage by combined plow and No-tillage. During course of investigation fuel consumption, consumed energy for all inputs, output energy as well as energy indices were measured. Results showed that the effect of tillage methods was not significant on yield (p<0.05). Fuel consumption in first, second, thirs and fourth treatments were 80.46, 31.46, 33 and 14/5 L/ha respectively. The highest and the lowest energy pruductivity was that of no-tillage and conventional metod with 0.075 and 0.062 Mega joule per kilogram of crop harvested. Energy consumption in conventional, chisel plow, Combined Plow and No-tillage treatments were 57670, 50849, 50949 and 47609 Mj respectively. Considering the energy indices, best treatment, was related to no-tillage method.
Adel Vahedi; M. Younasi-Alamouti; Ahmad Sharifi Malvajerdi
Abstract
Rice with the cultivation area of more than 565 thousand hectares and production amount of 2.45 million tons is the second most important crop after wheat in Iran. Most of cultivated area is also located in Mazandaran and Guilan province. It is clear that reaching to self-sufficiency in rice production ...
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Rice with the cultivation area of more than 565 thousand hectares and production amount of 2.45 million tons is the second most important crop after wheat in Iran. Most of cultivated area is also located in Mazandaran and Guilan province. It is clear that reaching to self-sufficiency in rice production is not possible without assessment of current status of rice mechanization. Therefore present study was conducted to determine current status of rice mechanization and propose needed solutions to improve it. Data were gathered by completing questionnaire and by reviewing the literature and field surveying. In view of information obtaeined; degree of mechanization, level of mechanization, capacity of mechanization, economic efficiency of mechanization, field efficiency of machine, potential ability of machine, working hours and days and productivity coefficient of machine were calculated. The results showed that degree of mechanization of primary tillage and secondary tillage was 99.7 and 99.3%, planting operation with transplanter was 22.69% and harvesting operation with mower and combine was 72.8 %. The lowest degree of mechanization of rice production was obtained for mechanical weeding with the value of 8%. The level of mechanization was calculated 2.63 hp/ha. Mean economic efficiency of mechanization and capacity of mechanization of rice was found to be 1.87 ton/ha and 235 hp.hr/ha, respectively.
Ali Nejat Lorestani; Mohamad Younesi-Alamouti
Abstract
Researche results indicates that 20 to 55 percent of the available tractor energy is wasted at the traction /soil interface, because of soft agricultural soils, tire tread for traction plays a major role. Using computer simulations to study the interaction between tire and soil, the number of physical ...
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Researche results indicates that 20 to 55 percent of the available tractor energy is wasted at the traction /soil interface, because of soft agricultural soils, tire tread for traction plays a major role. Using computer simulations to study the interaction between tire and soil, the number of physical tests and development costs can be greatly reduced. Finite element simulation of complex systems is a very effective way for investigation as is used in the soil bin tire test. In this investigation experiments were conducted for tires without tire tread, the tire tread at an angle less than the angle of the tread on the tires with full tread design, the tire tread wider than the width of the tread of the tire with full tread design, the tire tread longer (greater height) than the height of the tire tread with full tread design and tread of the tire with greater distance (distance between the step tread) than the distance in tire with complete tread design. The simulation results showed that a in absence of tread on the tire traction and the linear velocity was reduced. Also as the tire tread angle with regards to axle decreased the traction increased. But resulted in variable and oscillation under variable linear velocity condition. Furtur an increase in the width of the tread reduced the amount of traction and an increase in the height of tread increased the traction force, but caused a oscillatory and variable linear velocity. Finally an increase in the distance between two treads caused oscillatory and variable traction force and linear velocity.
Abstract
Due to the high labor costs in the production of rice, using rice planting and mechanization is one of the basic strategies for sustainability preparing healthy and strong seedling, transplanting and reducing the cost of rice production. Crop response to mechanized planting with planting machines due ...
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Due to the high labor costs in the production of rice, using rice planting and mechanization is one of the basic strategies for sustainability preparing healthy and strong seedling, transplanting and reducing the cost of rice production. Crop response to mechanized planting with planting machines due to differences in the density and type of planting is different. Therefore, this study aimed to achieve the most suitable criteria transplanting age of four varieties of rice in the crop year 2009 was conducted at the Chaparsar Rice Research Station (Tonekabon city). Experiments conducted, using a split-plot design in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor included four levels of transplanting ages (20, 27, 33 and 40 days) and the subplots were four varieties of rice cultivars (Hashemei, Khazar, Hybrid and Shiroodi). Analysis of variance showed that transplanting age affected on most of the factors and data has the significant differences at the level of five, one and 0.1 percent. Effects of rice varieties also were significant on all factors. Correlation coefficient of data was positive and has significant relationship with the characters. The highest yield were achieved for 20 days rice transplanting age with the amount of 5166.9 kg per hectare. Among cultivars, the highest yield belonged to the Shiroodi verities with 5899.9 kg per hectare. Therefore, to achieve the highest yield potential of shiroodi verities, the 20 day transplanting ages is recommended for planting the rice transplanting by walking type transplanters.
Hamidreza Gazor; Mohammadreza Alizadeh; Mohammad Younesi
Abstract
In this research, operational process and energy consumption of paddy milling factories in three categories: conventional system (Engelberg Machine for hulling and whitening), semi modern system (Rubber roll dehusker and Engelberg whitener), modern system (Rubber roll husker and abrasive whitener) were ...
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In this research, operational process and energy consumption of paddy milling factories in three categories: conventional system (Engelberg Machine for hulling and whitening), semi modern system (Rubber roll dehusker and Engelberg whitener), modern system (Rubber roll husker and abrasive whitener) were investigated in Mazandaran province of Iran. Besides, milling efficiency, Degree of hulling, breakage percent of brown rice and white rice, degree of whitening, and quality factors gelatinization index, percentage of elongation and amylose of cooked rice were studied. Analysis of results indicated that no significant difference exist in degree of milling among conventional, semi modern and modern systems. The changes in the milling efficiency ranged between 62.45 to 63.58 percents. The milling systems had significant difference in hulling operation. Using rubber roll de husker decreased grain breakage and adding gravity separator to dehulling process increased dehulling to 96 percent. Engelberg de husker and whitener had significant effect on brown rice breakage and whitening than Rubber roll dehusker respectively. Results showed yhat, modern rice milling system had less harmful effects on rice than other systems. Rice milling systems did not have significant effect on amylose and gelatinization index of white rice. The parameters and gelatinization index varied in treatments from 21 to 22 percent and 3.97 to 3.99 respectively. Using of conventional milling system has more effect on cooked rice elongation percent than other systems. Results showed that, drying and milling of paddy consume 683.8 and 158.4 MJ thermal and electrical energy per ton respectively.
